一、沼氣提純的核心原理：把 “混合氣” 變成 “純甲烷”

1、 The core principle of biogas purification: turning "mixed gas" into "pure methane"

沼氣的主要成分是甲烷（約 50%-70%）和二氧化碳（約 30%-50%），還有少量雜質(zhì)。提純的過程，就是想辦法把甲烷和二氧化碳分開，就像從糖水中分離糖和水一樣。常見的提純方法有三種：

The main components of biogas are methane (about 50% -70%) and carbon dioxide (about 30% -50%), with a small amount of impurities. The process of purification is to find a way to separate methane and carbon dioxide, just like separating sugar and water from sugar water. There are three common purification methods:

物理吸收法：利用一種特殊的液體（比如甲醇或烷烴類溶劑）作為 “捕捉劑”，當(dāng)沼氣通入這種液體時，二氧化碳會溶解在液體里，而甲烷則 “逃” 出來。這就像用海綿吸水，液體吸收完二氧化碳后，通過加熱讓二氧化碳釋放，液體還能重復(fù)使用。

Physical absorption method: using a special liquid (such as methanol or alkane solvents) as a "capturing agent", when biogas is introduced into this liquid, carbon dioxide will dissolve in the liquid, while methane will "escape". This is like using a sponge to absorb water. After the liquid absorbs carbon dioxide, it is released by heating, and the liquid can be reused.

化學(xué)吸收法：用含有堿性物質(zhì)（比如氫氧化鈉或氨水）的溶液作為 “清潔劑”，二氧化碳會和堿性物質(zhì)發(fā)生化學(xué)反應(yīng)，生成溶于水的物質(zhì)，而甲烷不反應(yīng)，從而被分離出來。這類似于用肥皂水去除油污，通過化學(xué)反應(yīng)把雜質(zhì) “抓住”。

Chemical absorption method: using a solution containing alkaline substances (such as sodium hydroxide or ammonia water) as a "cleaner", carbon dioxide will react chemically with the alkaline substances to generate substances soluble in water, while methane does not react and is separated. This is similar to using soapy water to remove oil stains and "capturing" impurities through chemical reactions.

膜分離法：使用一種特殊的高分子膜，這種膜上有很多 tiny（微小的）孔，二氧化碳分子比甲烷分子小，能更快地穿過膜，而甲烷則被 “篩” 下來。就像用篩子篩沙子，小顆粒先漏下去，大顆粒留在上面，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)分離。

Membrane separation method: using a special polymer membrane with many tiny pores, carbon dioxide molecules are smaller than methane molecules and can pass through the membrane faster, while methane is "screened" out. Just like sieving sand with a sieve, small particles leak down first, while large particles remain on top, thus achieving separation.

無論哪種方法，最終目的都是讓甲烷的純度從 50%-70% 提升到 90% 以上，這樣的沼氣就接近天然氣的品質(zhì)，能滿足更高的使用要求。

Regardless of the method, the ultimate goal is to increase the purity of methane from 50% -70% to over 90%, so that the biogas can approach the quality of natural gas and meet higher usage requirements.

二、沼氣提純的顯著優(yōu)勢：讓沼氣 “身價倍增”

2、 The significant advantage of biogas purification: doubling the value of biogas

1.燃燒更高效，用途更廣泛：

1. More efficient combustion and wider applications:

提純前的沼氣燃燒時，因?yàn)楹写罅慷趸?，火焰溫度較低，比如燒水需要更長時間；提純后，甲烷濃度高，燃燒熱值大幅提升，和天然氣一樣能用于發(fā)電、供暖、工業(yè)鍋爐等，甚至可以裝入鋼瓶作為車輛燃料。比如，同樣體積的沼氣，提純后產(chǎn)生的熱量能多燒 30% 的水，效率大大提高。

During the combustion of biogas before purification, the flame temperature is lower due to the presence of a large amount of carbon dioxide, which requires longer time for boiling water; After purification, methane has a high concentration and significantly increases its combustion heat value. Like natural gas, it can be used for power generation, heating, industrial boilers, and even filled into steel cylinders as vehicle fuel. For example, for the same volume of biogas, the heat generated after purification can burn 30% more water, greatly improving efficiency.

2.減少污染，更環(huán)保：

2. Reduce pollution and be more environmentally friendly:

未提純的沼氣中含有硫化氫等有害氣體，燃燒后會產(chǎn)生二氧化硫，污染空氣；提純過程中，這些雜質(zhì)會被同步去除，燃燒時只產(chǎn)生二氧化碳和水，對環(huán)境更友好。就像過濾后的水更干凈，提純后的沼氣燃燒也更 “干凈”，減少對大氣的污染。

Unprocessed biogas contains harmful gases such as hydrogen sulfide, which can produce sulfur dioxide and pollute the air after combustion; During the purification process, these impurities will be removed synchronously, and only carbon dioxide and water will be produced during combustion, making it more environmentally friendly. Just like filtered water is cleaner, purified biogas combustion is also cleaner, reducing air pollution.

3.節(jié)省資源，降低成本：

3. Save resources and reduce costs:

提純后的沼氣可以替代天然氣，減少對化石能源的依賴，尤其是在養(yǎng)殖場等沼氣產(chǎn)量穩(wěn)定的地方，相當(dāng)于把 “廢物” 變成 “寶貝”。比如，一個中型養(yǎng)殖場每天提純后的沼氣，能滿足幾百戶家庭的日常用氣，長期下來能節(jié)省大量能源開支。

Purified biogas can replace natural gas and reduce dependence on fossil fuels, especially in places with stable biogas production such as farms, turning "waste" into "treasure". For example, a medium-sized livestock farm can produce purified biogas every day, which can meet the daily gas needs of hundreds of households and save a lot of energy expenses in the long run.

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